战争

陆上作战

主条目：陆上作战

陆上作战即在陆地上进行作战。陆上作战由若干战斗队所组成的单位——“师”进行，若干个师可以组成一支由上将领导的集团军。每个上将可以指挥24个师，5个集团军可以构成一个由元帅指挥的集团军群。可以使用游戏界面右下角的按钮或键盘快捷键F1查看相应的地图模式。

空中作战

主条目：空中作战

空中作战即在空中进行作战。空中作战由各式不同类型的飞机进行，这些不同类型的飞机可以在一定的作战半径内与敌人争夺制空权，轰炸敌人的工厂与基础设施，并为陆战部队提供近距离支援，以及袭击停靠在港口或行驶在海域中的敌方舰艇。空军部队不是由陆军上将领导，而是在战斗中随机培养王牌飞行员，为空军联队提供战斗加成。

海上作战

主条目：海上作战

海上作战即在海域中进行作战。海上作战由各式舰艇组成的舰队进行，这些舰队将在特定的作战海域与敌方海军争夺制海权，袭击敌方运输船队并为己方运输提供护航。海军舰队由海军上将进行指挥，海军上将依据其等级和特质为舰队提供加成。

Capitulation and defeat

The War Summary screen shows progress towards the surrender limit for each individual nation involved in the conflict.

Capitulation occurs when a country at war loses control of more victory points of its owned core territory than its surrender limit. The limit is 80% by default but war support below 50% will decrease it by up to -30% and some national ideas can affect it too, most notably France's Disjointed Government national spirit (-50%). The surrender limit can usually not go below 10%, the only exception being Japan when losing Okinawa and Iwo Jima, having less than 40 ships, and getting hit by two nuclear bombs.

When a country crosses the surrender limit, it capitulates to the country that dealt the highest war score (see below) against them. If an enemy holds the capital, they get a 50% bonus and an extra 150 war score for the purpose of this selection. The capitulating country loses control of all owned provinces contiguous with its capital and all its troops there. If any allied troops were present, they will have to escape through the now enemy-controlled land.

Capitulation does not necessarily mean instant defeat for a country. If the country is fighting alongside major allies, the war will not be over until they are defeated. Countries will not surrender less than seven days after the war started even when capitulated, to give them time to join a faction for this purpose. Conversely, minor nations may be forced to surrender after all their major allies capitulate even though they themselves did not fall. This can be prevented by leaving the faction before all majors capitulate.

War participation

War participation is a measure of a country's contribution to the war effort. It is the relative amount of war score it earned compared to all countries fighting on the same side. The score is tracked against each enemy country individually, but only the aggregate is shown. War score can be earned in several ways:

• Occupation:
  • Capturing enemy-controlled provinces: 0.2 * (1 + 0.2 * <victory points>). E.g. a normal province is worth 0.2, but Berlin (50VP) is worth 2.2. If a province gets captured and recaptured multiple times, war score is awarded each time.
  • Combat: fighting any battle that lasted at least 48 hours is worth 3 * (1 + 0.2 * <victory points>). The defender only gets 30% of this score and the loser only gets 20% (stacking multiplicatively). For example if the Soviet Union attacks Berlin and loses the battle, it will get 3 * (1 + 0.2 * 50) * 20% = 6.6 war score, while Germany receives 3 * (1 + 0.2 * 50) * 30% = 9.9. A country unsuccessfully defending a regular province only gets 3 * 1 * 30% * 20% = .18 war score. This score is independent and additional to the score from actually capturing the province described above. If multiple countries take part on either side of the battle, the score of that side is split proportionately between them according to the actual damage dealt by each one.
• Bombing: every point of damage against enemy buildings from strategic bombing missions or nuclear bombs is worth 0.05 war score (or 5 war score per entire building). This score is capped at 1000 and decays by 10 each month.
• Sunk enemy ships: sinking enemy ships results in .2 war score per 1000 人力 and .4 war score per 1000 生产花费.
• Casualties: Losing own manpower while fighting the enemy results in .1 warscore per 1000 casualties suffered. This score is halved if the country capitulated.

Each action accumulates score, which is then compared to the overall score of the alliance to produce a percentage of war participation. This score is used during peace conferences. It also affects requests to an ally to hand over control of an occupied state in wartime.

Peace conference

主条目：Peace conference

When a war has ended, and all enemy nations defeated, a Peace Conference will be launched.

Volunteers and expeditionary forces

Volunteers and Expeditionary Forces are ways of sending soldiers to wars without having to be a part of the war or by sending troops to allies in a war to aid them.

Volunteers

Send Volunteers menu

Sending army divisions or air wings as Volunteers is a way for a country to send land and air forces to fight in the wars of other countries without joining that war itself. It is a great way to gain Experience in the years before major wars break out and for a country to influence the outcome of a war without becoming diplomatically involved. Volunteers can also be used by a player to field test a division template in combat conditions. Volunteers are controlled, supplied and reinforced by the country that sends them, not the country that receives them. Sending Volunteers increases World Tension.

A nation can only have Volunteers abroad while not at war. The ability to send Volunteers is limited by Ideology and World Tension—where Fascists can do so whenever they like and at the other extreme Democracies are fairly limited. France has an ability to do so earlier.

In order to send Volunteer divisions they must first be formed into an army. They may be assigned a commander, who can earn experience and traits as well. They are then sent through the Send Volunteers diplomatic action. Once the army arrives, a new army theatre is created for the player and the Volunteer army group is automatically added to it. Armies cannot be transferred to or from these special theatres, even if other countries have volunteers from the same source. It takes two weeks for a Volunteer force to travel to the receiving country or to return. They return home if their home nation finds itself at war or the country that received them finds itself at peace. When volunteers return, they bring 95% of their equipment with them. The remainder is lost in transit or remains in the destination country. Volunteer divisions can also be disbanded, which returns the manpower and equipment to the sending country, but requires a new division to be formed and trained to replace the disbanded one.

The number of divisions that can be deployed is 1 division for every 20 active divisions (rounded down, so with 19 or fewer no Volunteers can be sent). For example 176 active divisions means 8 divisions where 181 would mean 9 divisions could be deployed as volunteers. Note that a division with only 1 battalion in it counts as much as one that has 25. The minimum of 20 divisions with 1 infantry will enable 1 volunteer division to be sent. The sending country must have at least 30 divisions to send volunteers at all. Added to this is one division per 20 provinces in the destination country.

Volunteer air wings are subject to similar restrictions. However, they are sent by using the air interface to directly relocate them to an airfield in the destination country, after which the player may set up their orders normally).

Expeditionary Forces

Sending Expeditionary Forces is a way to hand over troops to allies in war. It is useful if the player doesn’t want to control them, or if AI wants to fight in a theatre and thinks the receiving player will do a better job. They can be handed over and returned at any time. Disbanding an expeditionary division has the effect of returning it. AI will often ship them as well if it has convoys available.

Expeditionary Forces get their equipment and manpower from their home country, not the recipient. The recipient has full control of them until returned. War score for occupation by an Expeditionary Force goes to the country controlling them, while war score for casualties goes to the home country (the one providing the Expeditionary Force). Their ongoing supply however is supplied by the controlling country, this means you can use expeditionaries to offload supply pressure if their supply situation is better than yours. (in a theoretical case if germany has lost its convoys but italy haven't, germany can give italy the control of the africa corps to use their functioning supply)

Expeditionary Force divisions can gain experience but their template may not be modified by the receiving country. Players receiving Expeditionary Forces may wish to provide Lend-Lease shipments to the home country of equipment types that it may use to supply the Expeditionary Forces.

You may request Expeditionary Forces by creating an empty army for Expeditionary Forces using the button below the empty portrait for creating new armies on the bottom of the screen. You need to create an order for the army (e.g. a front line) for the AI to consider to accept your request.

Divisions that are provided by Nation A to Nation B retain Nation A's bonuses from Nation A's national bonus provided by Nation A's military staff. Military staff includes military high command and Army chiefs of staff. Nation B's military staff bonuses are not applied to Nation A's expeditionary forces loaned to Nation B.

Some other open topics for investigation and testing are how the army experience generated by the Expeditionary Force in combat or in military exercises is allocated, and confirming the manpower and equipment effects of template changes by the home country.

War goal

Justify War Goal menu

A war goal is needed to declare war. A war goal is usually a conquest of a desired state.

Justifying a war goal costs political power, increases world tension and usually takes between 6-9 months to complete. When a country has a war goal, it can start a war against the target country. Countries succeeding in their war goals get an advantage in peace conferences. There are several national focus that will give countries historical war goals. However, ahistorical war goals are also possible, such as Sweden restoring its historical borders. The target state of the wargoal can be claimed at a discount at the peace conference. It is also possible to declare a Border war.

Factions Strength resume

At the end of game, beside individual scores, is the Factions ranking. This is derived from various statistics such as manpower, naval, air and ground forces, industrial power, terrain points, research, war progress, casualties, etc. Basically, it describes which faction has won the game.

Conditions

Besides the national focus, war goal justification will require one or multiple conditions to be met before it can even begin. The conditions will be different depending on the ideology (Communism, Democracy, Fascism or Non-aligned) as well as the faction (Allies, Axis, Commintern, others) and the  World Tension level.

Communism

Communists have virtually no restriction on justifying war goals.

Democracy

Democracies are very limited in how they can begin wars, to simulate the influence of popular opinion during the time period. These limitations are lifted if a country becomes fascist or communist.

• Cannot start a war against another democracy.
• Cannot justify against a nation that has not increased the world tension.

Fascism

Fascists have virtually no restriction on justifying war goals. If a fascist country is already at war with a major power, they can justify a new wargoal 80% faster than normal.

Ideological effect

All ideologies have one or multiple effect on the cost of war goal justification or enactment at the peace conference.

Communism

• Can force government.
• 30% cost reduction when puppeting other countries.

Democracy

• Cannot send volunteers.
• Cannot puppet another country.
• Cannot occupy a country without war (captured neutral territory will be returned).
• 25% cost increase of Taking States.
• 50% cost increase of Annexing country.

Fascism

• Cannot force government.
• Can occupy a country without war.

Neutrality

• Cannot force government.
• Cannot send volunteers.
• Can puppet another country.

Political power cost

It's necessary to spend a certain amount of political power to start justification of a war goal.

The base cost is xx, then the following modifications can apply:

• -90% When justifying war goal against a major power at war.

Once the justification is ongoing, It will also be necessary to spend 0.2 political power per day on the war goal justification to complete it in the minimum number of days. Any deficiency in political power will stall the war goal justification.

Territorial control

Province control

Control of a province changes when the first division of a country at war with the current controller enters the province while no defenders are present. This usually happens after the attackers won a battle or because the province was undefended to begin with. Divisions may enter from a neighboring land province, via paradrop, or naval invasion. Control of the state (Factories and resources) is tied to the "capital" province, usually the highest VP province within the state. There exists a capital province for states with no victory points, but which is impossible to know without prior knowledge. Control can potentially pass to any eligible country subject to the following rules. A country is eligible if it is at war with the original province controller and has given military access to the division's country, either explicitly or by being in the same faction.

The claim of an eligible country can be categorized with descending strength:

• owns the state the province is in
• has a core claim on the state
• has a generic claim on the state

The country with the strongest claim gains control. Ties between multiple countries with the same kind of claim are broken as follows:

• if the division's country is among them and it controls more neighboring provinces than any other tied country, it gains control
• otherwise the candidate with the largest civilian industry gains control

If no eligible country has a claim:

• the eligible country controlling the most neighboring provinces gains control (ties are broken by civilian industrial size)
• otherwise the division's country gains control

In all cases except the neighborhood rule, control passes to the master if the selected country is a subject.

State control

When an owner loses control of a state completely (i.e. when losing the last province) and the new controller controls an adjacent state as well, they gain full control of the state. Otherwise the surrounding states' controllers are checked for co-belligerent faction members of the new controller. If any are found, the state gets handed over to the one with the largest industry, with a slight bonus towards the faction leader.

Members of the same faction can explicitly pass control of states among each other with the diplomatic actions "Give control of state" and "Ask for control of state". AI allies will generally only agree to this if they consider their own share of controlled states large enough and the share of the other country not too large.

机制 

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