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| '''Naval warfare''' is conducted by ships which operate in the world's interconnected seas and oceans. Naval power is key to protection of convoy traffic, or disruption of enemy convoys. Control of the sea can facilitate [[Battle plan#Naval invasion|naval invasion]]s, or prevent the enemy from performing an invasion of their own. Ships can influence land combat by performing shore bombardment, or block straits to impair enemy movement. | | ''' 海战（Naval War）''' ，是由舰船在世界相互连接的海洋上进行的，海上力量是保护我方交通运输线和破坏敌方交通运输线的关键。掌握制海权能够执行[[Battle plan#Naval invasion| 海军入侵]] ，或者防止敌人利用海洋入侵己方国家。舰船也能用对岸炮击的行动来影响陆战，或封锁海峡以削弱敌人的行动。 |
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| As naval warfare is a complex topic, it is divided among multiple articles. This page serves as a hub, providing a list of the articles which are relevant to naval warfare.
| | 由于海战是一个复杂的话题，因此分为多个章节进行讲述。此页面充当枢纽，提供与海战有关的文章列表。 |
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| == Concepts and mechanics == | | == 概念和理论 == |
| === Navy === | | === 海军 === |
| {{main|Navy}} | | {{main| 海军}} |
| A ''navy'' is a country's collective naval force. It is divided among task forces, fleets and theaters.
| | ''' 海军'''是一个国家的集中海上力量，它分为特遣舰队，分舰队和战区。 |
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| === Ship === | | === 舰船 === |
| {{main|Ship}} | | {{main| 海军单位}} |
| Navies are fundamentally composed of ''ships''.
| | 一个海军从根本上由''' 舰船'''组成。 |
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| === Missions === | | === 海军任务 === |
| {{anchor|Naval Missions}}<!-- Used in the game, if this section changes name then make sure to keep the anchor ~~~~ --> | | {{anchor|Naval Missions}}<!-- Used in the game, if this section changes name then make sure to keep the anchor ~~~~ --> |
| {{main|Naval missions}} | | {{main| 海军任务}} |
| Naval warfare is primarily conducted through ''naval missions'', which may be assigned to task forces.
| | 海战主要是通过一个个海军任务的执行组成，海军任务通过分配特遣部队来执行。 |
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| === Battle === | | === 战斗 === |
| {{main|Naval battle}} | | {{main| 海军战斗}} |
| When two opposing navies meet, a ''naval battle'' unfolds.
| | 当两个敌对国家的海军相遇时，一场''' 海战'''便展开了。 |
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| == Research == | | == 研究 == |
| === Technology === | | === 科技 === |
| {{main|Naval technology}} | | {{main| 海军科技}} |
| Advances in ''naval technology'' can unlock more capable ship designs, or improve the performance of existing ships.
| | ''' 海军科技'''的研发进步可以解锁能力更强的舰船设计模板，或改善现有舰船的性能。 |
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| === Doctrine === | | === 学说 === |
| {{main|Naval doctrine}} | | {{main| 海军学说}} |
| ''Naval doctrines'' provide bonuses for specific forms of naval warfare. | | ''' 海军学说'''给各种形式的海战提供加成增益。 |
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| == Strategy == | | == 战略 == |
| {{SVersion|1.8}}
| | 本章节提供了已在游戏中进行过有效性测试的海军作战策略。策略不仅限于提供建议；并给出了每种策略背后的''' 原因''' ，且提供了来源文章的链接，其中解释了相关的机制。 |
| This section provides naval warfare strategies which have been tested in-game for effectiveness. Strategies are not limited to instructions; the ''reasoning'' behind each strategy is also given, with links to articles in which the relevant mechanics are explained.
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| === Minelaying === | | === 布雷战术 === |
| Mines have [[Naval missions#Effects of mines|powerful effects]], and the AI currently pays little attention to mines. They will only perform minimal minesweeping efforts at most, regardless of how many mines there are. It is thereby possible to gain a strong naval advantage over the AI through extensive mining. The resulting [[Naval supremacy|naval supremacy]] can be useful for facilitating naval invasions, as well.
| | 水雷具有[[ 海军任务# 水雷的效果| 强大的效果]] ，并且目前AI很少关注水雷。无论有多少枚水雷，他们至多只会进行最少的扫雷工作。因此，通过广泛的执行布雷行动，就有可能获得超过AI的强大海军优势。所得的[[Naval supremacy| 制海权]]也可用于促进[[Battle plan#Naval invasion|海军入侵]] 。 |
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| Due to their stealth and low cost, [[Ship#Submarines|submarines]] are well suited for minelaying. When equipped with minelaying tubes and given an [[Navy#Engagement rules|engagement rule]] of 'Never engage', they can perform minelaying missions with near impunity. They remain vulnerable to naval bombers and may take some losses this way, but in practice the AI does not perform enough bombing of minelaying submarines to pose a problem for the player.
| | 由于[[ 海军单位#Submarines| 潜艇]] 自身的隐身性和低成本，因此非常适合布雷。当潜艇的设计模板装备了布雷管并设定了'''避免交战'''的[[ 海军#Engagement rules| 规则]] 时，编队可以几乎不受惩罚地执行布雷任务。在这种情况下，潜艇仍然容易受到海军轰炸机的攻击，并且可能会因此遭受损失，不过在实践中，AI不会对布雷用潜艇进行足够的轰炸，从而给玩家带来麻烦。 |
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| Some countries start the game with primitive submarines based upon the 'Early Submarine Hull'. Refitting these submarines as minelayers can be a good way to put them to use, as their low combat performance will not affect their ability to lay mines.
| | 一些国家最开始就拥有从以“早期潜艇船体”为基础的原始潜艇。将这些潜艇改装为布雷潜艇是一个使用它们的好方法，因为它们的战斗力不管再低下也不会影响其布雷的能力。 |
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| === Strike force composition === | | === 打击力量组成 === |
| Due to their relatively high fuel requirements, it is generally reasonable to assign [[Ship#Capital ships|capital ships]] to [[Naval missions#Strike_force|strike force]] missions so that they are only called to action when required.
| | 由于舰船的燃料需求相对较高，因此通常合理的做法是将[[ 海军单位#Capital ships| 主力舰]] 分配给[[naval mission#Strike force| 打击舰队]] 进行打击舰队任务，以便仅在需要时才采取行动。 |
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| To ensure that the capital ships are protected from torpedoes, it is prudent to have sufficient [[Ship#Screen ships|screen ships]] in the strike force to achieve full [[Naval battle#Screening_efficiency|screening efficiency]]. While a minimum of three screen ships per capital ship are required for 100% efficiency, it can be beneficial to have even more screen ships than this, to ensure that screening efficiency remains high even if positioning is poor or a few screen ships are destroyed in battle.
| | 为了确保保护主力舰免受鱼雷的伤害，谨慎的做法是使打击部队具有足够的[[ 海军单位#Screen ships| 屏卫舰]] 以达到完整的[[Naval battle#Screening efficiency| 屏卫效率]] 。为了使屏卫效率保持 {{green|100%}} ，每艘主力舰至少需要三艘屏卫舰，拥有更多的屏卫舰可以确保即使定位不佳或屏卫舰被摧毁了几艘也能保持较高的屏蔽效率。 |
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| It may be advantageous to have more than one strike force per fleet, as this will enable more than one enemy force to be intercepted by strike forces simultaneously.
| | 每个舰队应该拥有一支以上的打击舰队，因为这样的设置将使得打击舰队可以同时拦截一支以上的敌军。 |
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| === Convoy escort composition === | | === 护航编队组成 === |
| When deciding upon the composition of [[Naval missions#Convoy escort|convoy escort]] task forces, it may be helpful to consider the following points:
| | 在决定[[Naval missions#Convoy escort| 运输船队护航]]工作舰队的组成时，考虑以下几点可能会有所帮助： |
| | *AI在所有的[[Naval missions#Convoy raiding|袭击运输船]]任务中都会采用'''中等风险交战'''规则，具有这种交战规则的潜艇在战斗开始时往往会立即与护航驱逐舰的战斗中逃离，无论驱逐舰的强弱如何。 |
| | *为了使运输船队损失最小化，重要的是，进行运输船队护航的舰队需要达到 {{green|100%}} 的[[Escort efficiency|护航效率]]。护航效率与舰艇数量成正相关，而不是与舰艇质量成正相关；最弱的驱逐舰将提供与战列舰相当的护航效率。 |
| | * 较高的[[Naval battle#Screening efficiency|屏卫效率]] 有助于保护运输船船队在战斗中免受鱼雷的伤害。与护航效率一样，屏卫效率是与舰艇数量成正相关，而不是与舰艇质量正相关。 |
| | *即使在舰船设计模板上装有声纳的情况下，防御方也很难在海战中检测到潜艇。 |
| | *深水炸弹对未发现的潜艇无效。 |
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| * The AI uses the 'engage at medium risk' engagement rule for all of its [[Naval missions#Convoy raiding|convoy raiding]] task forces. Submarines with this engagement rule will tend to flee from a group of defending destroyers when the battle starts, regardless of how strong or weak the destroyers are.
| | 鉴于以上几点，可以使用极为便宜的驱逐舰（早期船体，1级主炮等；可以设计的最弱的驱逐舰）来进行护航。这种驱逐舰缺乏声纳和深水炸弹设备，因此特别不适用于反潜战，但是破交潜艇无论如何都会逃离它们。这种驱逐舰可以最大经济化地生产，从而保证高护航效率和屏卫效率，以最大程度地减少对运输船队的损害。 |
| * To minimise convoy losses, it is important for a fleet performing convoy escort to achieve 100% [[Escort efficiency|escort efficiency]]. Escort efficiency is a function of ''quantity'' of ships rather than quality; the weakest possible destroyer will contribute exactly as much escort efficiency as a battleship would.
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| * High [[Naval battle#Screening efficiency|screening efficiency]] is helpful for protecting convoys from torpedoes during battle. As with escort efficiency, screening efficiency is a function of ''quantity'' of ships rather than quality.
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| * It is difficult for the ''defending'' side to detect submarines during a naval battle, even when the defending ships are equipped with sonar.
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| * Depth charges are ineffective against undetected submarines.
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| Given the above points, it is viable to use extremely cheap destroyers (''early hull, level 1 battery, level 1 engine; the weakest destroyer that may be designed'') for convoy escort duty. Such destroyers lack sonar and depth charge equipment and are thereby not particularly well suited for anti-submarine warfare, but convoy raiding submarines will flee from them regardless. Such destroyers can be economically produced in high numbers, providing high escort efficiency and screening efficiency to minimise the damage done to convoys.
| | 根据这一方案，消灭敌方潜艇的工作将由巡逻和打击舰队承担。这种舰队可以部署到最近运输船队遭到潜艇攻击的地区。攻击潜艇时，攻击方具有显着优势，因为所有防御潜艇将在战斗开始后的一段时间内被暴露出来（有关更多详细信息，请参阅[[海军战斗]]文章）。 |
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| Under this scheme, the destruction of enemy submarines would be left to patrol and/or strike forces configured for anti-submarine warfare. Such forces could be deployed to regions in which convoys had recently been attacked by submarines. The attacking side is at a significant advantage when attacking submarines, as all defending submarines will be revealed for a period of time from the start of the battle (see the [[Naval battle|naval battle]] article for further details).
| | 如果护航运输船队时使用了较昂贵的带声纳或深度炸弹的驱逐舰，这样的驱逐舰对攻击潜艇造成的平均损失要比前面所述的廉价驱逐舰更大。因为由于它们的成本较高，要为每次战斗实现高护送效率，尤其是高屏卫效率时，所需此类驱逐舰的数量将变得更多，这可能导致更大的运输船队损失。在这种情况下，由于在战斗的防御方难以检测潜艇，昂贵的声纳和深度装填设备的价值也将降低。 |
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| If more expensive destroyers with sonar and/or depth charges were used for convoy escort, such destroyers would inflict slightly greater losses upon attacking submarines on average than the cheap convoy escort destroyers described earlier. However, due to their higher cost, it would be more difficult to amass such destroyers in the numbers required to achieve high escort efficiency and (in particular) high screening efficiency for each battle, which could lead to greater convoy losses. The value of expensive sonar and depth charge equipment would also be reduced in this situation, due to the difficulty of detecting submarines while on the defending side of a battle.
| | == 海战教程收集 == |
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| | [https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1d84y1P7uh/?share_source=copy_web&vd_source=813541e96f5aaa35cfe42a396d8e387c 【【钢铁雄心4】海军教学③海军实战操作】] |
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| {{WarfareNavbox}} | | {{WarfareNavbox}} |
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| {{Mechanics_Navbox}} | | {{Mechanics_Navbox}} |
| [[Category:Military]] | | [[ 分类:Military]] |
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| [[hoi4de:Naval warfare]] | | [[en:Naval warfare]] |
| [[hoi4es:Naval warfare]]
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| [[hoi4fr:Naval warfare]]
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| [[hoi4pl:Naval warfare]]
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海战（Naval War），是由舰船在世界相互连接的海洋上进行的，海上力量是保护我方交通运输线和破坏敌方交通运输线的关键。掌握制海权能够执行海军入侵，或者防止敌人利用海洋入侵己方国家。舰船也能用对岸炮击的行动来影响陆战，或封锁海峡以削弱敌人的行动。
由于海战是一个复杂的话题，因此分为多个章节进行讲述。此页面充当枢纽，提供与海战有关的文章列表。
概念和理论
海军
海军是一个国家的集中海上力量，它分为特遣舰队，分舰队和战区。
舰船
一个海军从根本上由舰船组成。
海军任务
海战主要是通过一个个海军任务的执行组成，海军任务通过分配特遣部队来执行。
战斗
当两个敌对国家的海军相遇时，一场海战便展开了。
研究
科技
海军科技的研发进步可以解锁能力更强的舰船设计模板，或改善现有舰船的性能。
学说
海军学说给各种形式的海战提供加成增益。
战略
本章节提供了已在游戏中进行过有效性测试的海军作战策略。策略不仅限于提供建议；并给出了每种策略背后的原因，且提供了来源文章的链接，其中解释了相关的机制。
布雷战术
水雷具有强大的效果，并且目前AI很少关注水雷。无论有多少枚水雷，他们至多只会进行最少的扫雷工作。因此，通过广泛的执行布雷行动，就有可能获得超过AI的强大海军优势。所得的制海权也可用于促进海军入侵。
由于潜艇自身的隐身性和低成本，因此非常适合布雷。当潜艇的设计模板装备了布雷管并设定了避免交战的规则时，编队可以几乎不受惩罚地执行布雷任务。在这种情况下，潜艇仍然容易受到海军轰炸机的攻击，并且可能会因此遭受损失，不过在实践中，AI不会对布雷用潜艇进行足够的轰炸，从而给玩家带来麻烦。
一些国家最开始就拥有从以“早期潜艇船体”为基础的原始潜艇。将这些潜艇改装为布雷潜艇是一个使用它们的好方法，因为它们的战斗力不管再低下也不会影响其布雷的能力。
打击力量组成
由于舰船的燃料需求相对较高，因此通常合理的做法是将主力舰分配给打击舰队进行打击舰队任务，以便仅在需要时才采取行动。
为了确保保护主力舰免受鱼雷的伤害，谨慎的做法是使打击部队具有足够的屏卫舰以达到完整的屏卫效率。为了使屏卫效率保持 100% ，每艘主力舰至少需要三艘屏卫舰，拥有更多的屏卫舰可以确保即使定位不佳或屏卫舰被摧毁了几艘也能保持较高的屏蔽效率。
每个舰队应该拥有一支以上的打击舰队，因为这样的设置将使得打击舰队可以同时拦截一支以上的敌军。
护航编队组成
在决定运输船队护航工作舰队的组成时，考虑以下几点可能会有所帮助：
- AI在所有的袭击运输船任务中都会采用中等风险交战规则，具有这种交战规则的潜艇在战斗开始时往往会立即与护航驱逐舰的战斗中逃离，无论驱逐舰的强弱如何。
- 为了使运输船队损失最小化，重要的是，进行运输船队护航的舰队需要达到 100% 的护航效率。护航效率与舰艇数量成正相关，而不是与舰艇质量成正相关；最弱的驱逐舰将提供与战列舰相当的护航效率。
- 较高的屏卫效率有助于保护运输船船队在战斗中免受鱼雷的伤害。与护航效率一样，屏卫效率是与舰艇数量成正相关，而不是与舰艇质量正相关。
- 即使在舰船设计模板上装有声纳的情况下，防御方也很难在海战中检测到潜艇。
- 深水炸弹对未发现的潜艇无效。
鉴于以上几点，可以使用极为便宜的驱逐舰（早期船体，1级主炮等；可以设计的最弱的驱逐舰）来进行护航。这种驱逐舰缺乏声纳和深水炸弹设备，因此特别不适用于反潜战，但是破交潜艇无论如何都会逃离它们。这种驱逐舰可以最大经济化地生产，从而保证高护航效率和屏卫效率，以最大程度地减少对运输船队的损害。
根据这一方案，消灭敌方潜艇的工作将由巡逻和打击舰队承担。这种舰队可以部署到最近运输船队遭到潜艇攻击的地区。攻击潜艇时，攻击方具有显着优势，因为所有防御潜艇将在战斗开始后的一段时间内被暴露出来（有关更多详细信息，请参阅海军战斗文章）。
如果护航运输船队时使用了较昂贵的带声纳或深度炸弹的驱逐舰，这样的驱逐舰对攻击潜艇造成的平均损失要比前面所述的廉价驱逐舰更大。因为由于它们的成本较高，要为每次战斗实现高护送效率，尤其是高屏卫效率时，所需此类驱逐舰的数量将变得更多，这可能导致更大的运输船队损失。在这种情况下，由于在战斗的防御方难以检测潜艇，昂贵的声纳和深度装填设备的价值也将降低。
海战教程收集
【【钢铁雄心4】海军教学③海军实战操作】
坦克设计 • 陆军计划 • 集团军 • 指挥官 • 作战计划 • 战术 • 海军单位 • 
舰艇设计 • 海战 • 空军单位 • 
飞机设计 • 空战 • 经验 • 军官团 • 损耗与事故 • 后勤 • 人力 • 核弹