哥伦比亚

哥伦比亚

---

首都：

波哥大

---

政府类型：

民主政体，自由主义

---

阵营：

中立

哥伦比亚（Colombia），是南美洲西北部的国家。该国由三个[地区]组成，依次是拉利伯塔德（La Libertad），昆迪纳马卡（Cundinamarca）和梅塔（Meta），他们沿顺时针分别与与广阔的加勒比海， 委内瑞拉， 巴西， 秘鲁， 厄瓜多尔，太平洋西运河区和 巴拿马接壤。 美利坚合众国控制着重要的巴拿马运河。哥伦比亚首都波哥大位于昆迪纳马卡的中部地区。尽管哥伦比亚的面积与 法国， 西班牙和 葡萄牙的总和相同，但它是HOI4中的非主要国家。哥伦比亚的气候和地形很恶劣；该国大部分地区都是山区，许多省份的气温非常炎热，因此损耗率很高。与巴拿马接壤的达里安峡（Darien Gap）是地球上人迹罕至的地区之一；泛美公路（Pan-American Highway）就在此之前停下，并在巴拿马境内继续前行。

作为一个非主要国家，哥伦比亚使用通用国策树，拥有2个科研槽和8个工厂。其两个机场的总容量为1200架飞机，在游戏开始时拥有两个位于加勒比海沿岸的发达的海军基地。其科研的装备均已经过时。

该国拥有一位民主主义领导人，哥伦比亚自由党（Partido Liberal Colombiano，PLC）的总统阿方索·洛佩斯·普马雷霍（Alfonso López Pumarejo），其所属党派（PLC）支持率为99％，并且不属于任何阵营，其与其他拉丁美洲国家一样，由 美利坚合众国保障其独立。

历史背景

哥伦比亚于1819年8月7日脱离西班牙帝国独立。直到1903年，巴拿马还是哥伦比亚的一部分。此后不久，法国工程师和美国签署了建造巴拿马运河的合同，并签署了《美巴条约》（Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty），这是历史上最负盛名的工程项目之一，于1914年完成。此后的门罗主义于1823年建立，以防止欧洲大国对拉丁美洲的进一步干预。1904年，这在罗斯福推论中得到了扩展，该推论指出，如果欧洲国家在拉丁美洲寻求新的殖民主义，美国有权进行军事干预。此后，哥伦比亚与墨西哥一起加强了与联合王国的关系。

1930年，恩里克·奥拉亚·埃雷拉（Enrique Olaya Herrera）总统当选，开始了一个称为自由共和国的时期。在1932年9月至1933年5月之间，秘鲁人宣布沿亚马逊河莱蒂西亚（Leticia）的最南端城镇属于秘鲁，哥伦比亚与南部邻国秘鲁发生了短暂的战争，因为莱蒂西亚由秘鲁人于19世纪创立。总统阿方索·洛佩斯·普马雷霍（Alfonso López Pumarejo）于1934年当选，任期至1938年，由爱德华多·桑托斯（Eduardo Santos）接任。普马雷霍在其第一任期间专注于该国的工业化和经济改革。

第二次世界大战爆发后，哥伦比亚在桑托斯的领导下宣布中立。桑托斯反对轴心国。而当普马雷霍在1942年重新掌权后，他想扩大工业化范围，并在他的第一个任期开始进行经济改革，但是第二次世界大战阻止了这一想法。他在哥伦比亚的军官中不受欢迎，并准备发动政变取代他。政变在1944年失败，而普马雷霍一直领导哥伦比亚到1945年。

国策树

Generic national focus tree.

主条目：通用国策树

哥伦比亚没有独特的国策树，而是使用通用国策树。

通用国策有五个主要分支:

• 重视陆军 提供陆军经验和陆军相关研究项目的加成。
• 重视空军 提供空军经验，建立空军基地，并提供空军相关研究项目的加成。
• 重视海军 提供海军经验，建造海军船坞，并提供海军相关研究项目的加成。
• 重视工业 建造民用工厂和军用工厂（即使建筑槽位已满）并提供额外的科研槽。
• 重视政治 提供国家政治走向的选择。

Geography

Colombia is unique in South America as it borders both the Caribbean Sea in the north and the Pacific Ocean (Western Canal Zone) in the west. The country shares land borders with 委内瑞拉 in the northeast, 巴拿马 in the northwest, 厄瓜多尔 in the southeast, 秘鲁 in the south and 巴西 in the east and southeast.

The country is subdivided into three states; La Libertad in the north, bordering the Zulia state of Venezuela in the east and Panama in the northwest and the two seas; Cundinamarca in the center also bordering Venezuela (Zulia and a small strip of Miranda state) and Ecuador in the southeast and the Pacific Ocean and Meta, bordering Venezuela (states Miranda and Bolivar) in the northeast, Brazil (Amazonas state) in the east and southeast and Ecuador and Peru (Loreto state) in the south.

The majority of the country except the south of Meta is part of the Northern South America airspace. The sea regions bordering Colombia pertain to the Caribbean Sea (north) and Western Canal Zone (west) airspaces. Panama belongs to the Central America airspace and the southern part of Meta and bordering Brazil and southern Venezuela are in the Amazonas airspace.

Terrain

The Andes runs straight through Cundinamarca, where also the capital Bogota is located, making Cundinamarca a very mountainous state with one jungle province. The La Guajira Desert in the northern tip of Colombia is in HOI4 represented as Forest. Major rivers are the Cauca (La Libertad) and Magdalena Rivers (La Libertad and Cundinamarca) flowing from south to north into the Caribbean Sea. Meta state has three major rivers; the Meta River flowing into the Orinoco to the northeast and two rivers part of the Amazon Basin to the east into Brazil.

State	Provinces	Terrain (# prov)	Region	Borders clockwise
La Libertad	11	Forest (1) Hills (1) Plains (2) Jungle (3) Mountain (4)	Developed Rural	Caribbean Sea Venezuela Cundinamarca Western Canal Zone Panama
Cundinamarca	7	Mountain (6) Jungle (1)	Urban	La Libertad Venezuela Meta Ecuador Western Canal Zone
Meta	7	Plains (2) Jungle (5)	Pastoral	Venezuela Brazil Peru Ecuador Cundinamarca

Weather

Three provinces in Meta and two in Cundinamarca are Very Hot, giving Heat Attrition +10.0%.
Every province in Colombia has a Storm climate with the following effects:

Air Detection	-20.0%	Air Accidents Chance	+30.0%
Naval Detection	-20.0%	Ground Bombing Targeting	-50.0%
Naval Hit Chance	-10.0%	Organization Regain	-20.0%
Naval Speed	-10.0%	Air Mission Efficiency	-30.0%
Carrier Traffic	-100.0%

Victory Points

Three main cities in Colombia are represented by 16 Victory Points:

City	State
Cartagena	La Libertad	5
Medellin	La Libertad	1
Bogota	Cundinamarca	10

Diplomacy

At 1936 start, as all Latin American countries, Colombia is guaranteed by 美利坚合众国.

Alliances

Colombia does not have any alliances to begin with.

政治

Colombia is Democratic and has the first election in February 1938. National unity is 70%.

Ideology

Partido Liberal Colombiano (PLC)

• Can declare war on country with the same ideology group without a war goal
• Can guarantee other ideologies
• Lowers world tension with guarantees
• Can puppet a country
• Can justify war goals against a country that have not generated world tension

Political Parties

Political parties, 1936

Id.	Political Party	Ideology	Popularity	Party Leader	Country Name	Ruling?
	Partido Liberal Colombiano (PLC)	Democracy	99%	Alfonso López Pumarejo	Colombia
	Partido Comunista Colombiano (PCC)	Communism	1%	Generic	Colombian Socialist Republic
	Fascist	Fascism	0%	Generic	Nueva Gran Colombia
	Partido Conservador Colombiano (Conservador)	Non-Aligned	0%	Mariano Ospina Pérez	Colombia

Laws

征兵法案	经济法案	贸易法案
志愿兵役制 1.5% 适役人口	民用经济 35% 生活消费品工厂 –30% 军用工厂建造速度 –30% 民用工厂建造速度 +30% 军转民消耗 +30% 民转军消耗 -40% 石油转换燃油效率 -25% 燃油容量	重视出口 50% 可出口资源 +5% 科研速度 +10% 工厂/海军船坞产出 +10% 建造速度 +20% 泄露给他国的民政情报 +10% 泄露给他国的海军情报

Political Advisors

Advisor	类型	Effects	Cost
Raphael Hollmann	Compassionate Gentleman	Improve relations opinion: +15.0%	150
José Ellis Quinsado	Backroom Backstabber	Political Power Gain: +5.0%, Ideology drift defense: +15.0%	150
M.E. Rojas de Moreno	Popular Figurehead	National unity: +15.0%	150
Jorge Lopez Suyo	Prince of Terror	Effect of partisans on us: -25.0%, Foreign subversive activities efficiency: -30.0%	150
Leon de Greiff	Communist Revolutionary	Daily Communism Support: +0.10, Gain Event "Communism On The Rise"	150
Ulpiano Rengifo Cárdenas	Democratic Reformer	Daily Democracy Support: +0.10	150
Julio Valdez	Fascist Demagogue	Daily Fascist Support: +0.10, Gain Event "Fascism On The Rise"	150

Research and Production

Name	类型	Effects	Cost
Tank Designer	Armor Company	Armor Research Time: -10.0%, Armor Reliability: +5.0%	150
Ship Designer	Naval Company	Naval Research Time: -10.0%	150
Aircraft Designer	Light Air Company	Air Research Time: -10.0%, (CW) Fighter: Agility: +10.0%, Max Speed: +10.0%	150
	Medium Air Company	Air Research Time: -10.0%, Heavy FighTer/Tactical Bomber Reliability: +10.0%	150
	Heavy Air Company	Air Research Time: -10.0%, Strategic Bomber: Strategic Bombing: +10.0%	150
	Naval Air Company	Air Research Time: -10.0%, (CW) Naval Bomber: Operational Range: +10.0%, Naval Attack: +10.0%	150
Materiel Designer	Artillery Company	Artillery Research Time: -10.0%	150
	Small Arms Company	Small Arms Research Time: -10.0%	150
	Motorization Company	Motorization Research Time: -10.0%	150
Industrial Concern	Industrial Company	Industrial Research Time: -10.0%	150
	Electronics Company	Electronics Research Time: -10.0%	150
Theorist	Mauricio Soto Gomez (Naval)	Naval Experience Gain: +0.05 daily, Naval Doctrine Research Time: 7.0%	150
	Camilo Daza Alvarez (Air)	Air Experience Gain: +0.05 daily, Air Doctrine Research Time: 7.0%	150

Military Staff

Staff	Name	Effects	Cost
Chief of Army	Eduardo Poirier Escobar (Defense)	Division Defense: +10%	150
	Luis Acevedo (Maneuver)	Division Speed: +10%	150
	Querista Sellor (Organization)	Division Organization: +10%	150
Chief of Navy	Ruben Piedrahita Arango (Decisive Battle)	Capital Ship Attack & Armor: +10.0%, Screen Ship Attack & Defense: +10.0%	150
	Salvador Tiaga Gonzalez (Maneuver)	Naval Speed: +10.0%	150
Chief of Airforce	German Olano Moreno (Ground Support)	Air Support: +10%	150
	Luis Bernardo Andrade (Night)	Night Operations Penalty: -20%	150
	Luis Rodriguez (Weather)	Bad Weather Penalty: -20%	150
Military High Command	Guillermo Padilla Manrique (Commando)	Special Forces Attack & Defense: +15%	150
	Gabriel Paris Gordillo (Concealment)	Enemy Air Support: -10%	150
	Enrico Diaz Carias (Carriers)	Sortie Efficiency: +15%	150
	Manuel Quinones (Strategic Bombing)	Bomber Attack, Defense & Agility: +2%, Strategic Bombing: +5%	150

Economy

At 1936 start, Colombia has 1 Military Factory (Cundinamarca), 7 Civilian factories (2 La Libertad, 5 Cundinamarca), 0 Naval dockyards and 3 free slots (2 La Libertad, 1 Meta). In total the country has 11 unlocked slots. Colombia was in 1936 already an oil-rich country and produces 20 in La Libertad state, but lacks any of the other resources that you need to acquire via Trade.

Resources

At 1936 start, Colombia has a deficit of -2 of Steel, needed for 步兵装备 Production.

Oil	Rubber	Steel	Aluminium	Tungsten	Chromium
20	0	0	0	0	0

Factories

Factories 1936

1 Military Factory

0 Naval Dockyards

7 Civilian Factories

Infrastructure

In none of the provinces Land Forts or Coastal Forts are built. Infrastructure is built in:

State
La Libertad	3
Cundinamarca	3
Meta	1

Industrial Production

At 1936 start, Colombia produces only Basic infantry equipment (model 1918) at 6.41/week. It can additionally produce Support Equipment and Towed Artillery I.

科技

In 1936, Colombia starts with 2 Research slots, with the possibility to get two more through the National Focus Tree. The country begins with the following researched:

陆军科技	海军科技	空军科技	电子&工业	Doctrines
Basic eq. Support Equipment Engineers I Towed Artillery I Towed Anti-Air	Destroyer I	Interwar Fighter IW Carrier Fighter	none	none

军事

At 1936 start, Colombia heads off with 8.00 M population and, due to the Volunteer Only Conscription Law, 120.15 K Total Manpower. Used Manpower is 25.80 K with 500 for the Navy and 600 for the Airforce. This leaves a Free Manpower of 93.75 K.

Army

At 1936 start, Colombia has:

6 Infantry Divisions	0 Cavalry Divisions	0 Mountaineer Divisions	0 Light Tank Divisions

The infantry divisions each have the following characteristics:

General		Base Stats		Combat Stats		Misc Stats		Adjusters	Movement	Attack	Defense
División de Infantería		Max Speed	2.6 km/h	Soft Attack	3.7	Attrition	0%	Forest	+1.5%	-1.2%	+7.5%
Manpower	4300	HP	100.6	Hard Attack	0.6	Weight	2.0	Hills		-1.2%	+3.0%
Infantry	3	Recovery Rate	0.30	Air Attack	0.0			Mountain	-1.2%	-2.5%
Cavalry	1	Reconnaissance	0.0	Defense	25.9			Urban		-1.2%
Engineer Company	1	Suppression	5.0	Breakthrough	2.6			Jungle		-2.5%	+7.5%
Division Equipment Ratio	30%	Supply use	0.33	Armor	0.0			Marsh	+6.0%		+7.5%
步兵装备	129/430	Reliability	0.00%	Piercing	0.2			Fort		+3.0%	+7.5%
Support Equipment	9/30	Trickleback	0.00%	Initiative	0.00%			River	+7.5%		+7.5%
Organization	54/54	Exp. Loss	0.00%	Entrenchment	1			Amphibious		-2.5%
Experience	Trained			Combat Width	8

One general is available at game start:

Name	Skill	Bonuses	Medals	Effects
Gustavo Rojas Pinilla	3	Attack: +15.0% Defense: +15.0%	Trickster Urban Assault Specialist	Reconnaissance +25.0% Urban: Movement: +5.0%, Attack: +10.0%, Defense: +10.0%

Navy

At 1936 start, Colombia has two Naval bases in La Libertad at the Caribbean Sea; 5/10 developed, Capacity 50 (~Cartagena) and 1/10 developed, Capacity 10 (~Barranquilla). The Armada Nacional, the National Navy, is stationed with two Destroyer I in Cartagena. The country has 15 Convoys.

Ships 1936

2 Destroyers

15 Convoys

Service Manpower: 500

Air Force

At 1936 start, Colombia has two airfields, 1 in La Libertad (capacity: 800 planes) and 1 in Cundinamarca (capacity: 400). 30 Fighters are stationed at the Cundinamarca airfield. At 1936 start, Colombia can additionally produce IW Carrier Fighter planes and Transport Plane I.

Aircraft 1936

30 Fighters

Service Manpower: 600

Strategies and Guides

Colombia starts in a favorable geographical position with access to both the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. Although no naval bases are built at the western seaway in the Western Canal Zone (Pacific), it is possible to build them there to have two naval fronts. The country is surrounded by 巴拿马 (Democratic) with the Panama Canal occupied by 美利坚合众国 with just 3, but very strong infantry divisions with artillery. The eastern neighbors are 委内瑞拉 that is Fascist and 巴西 which is Non-Aligned. In the south are 厄瓜多尔 (Democratic) and 秘鲁 (Democratic with the Fascist party ruling in 1936 with 51%).

The 荷兰 is just off the coast to the northeast with Curaçao. Farther to the north are Jamaica, ruled by 联合王国 and farther north the Caribbean countries 古巴 (Democratic), 海地 (idem) and 多米尼加共和国 (Fascist). All Latin American neighbors are guaranteed by United States, just like Colombia itself.

The production capacity of the country is low at the start of the game, with 7 Civilian Factories and only 1 Military Factory. All resources need to be traded, except for oil which is plenty with 20. A good idea is to boost the industrial construction with the National Focus Tree on Industrial Effort -> Construction Effort, reaching the Extra Research Slot as fast as possible. That combined with the Research on Industry to enhance the capacity of the country. Because of the low capacity, it makes most sense to start the game playing Colombia in 1936, not 1939.

Politics and Diplomacy

Democratic Colombia is surrounded by two Democratic countries, Panama and Ecuador, 2 Fascist countries Venezuela and Peru and Non-Aligned Brazil. As popularity of the ruling Democratic party is 99%, with only the Communist party at 1%, it takes quite a while to change Ideology. The historically most correct way would be to stay Democratic and Neutral. For gameplay and to be able to declare war on your neighbors without too much World Tension, it makes sense to shift to Fascism or Communism; due to your neighbors, the former is the far better option, also to join the Axis Faction. The only Communist country in the whole Americas is landlocked and poor 巴拉圭.

To move to Fascism, several options are offered and if you want to prevent your country to end up in Civil War and be divided in two (La Libertad turns away, making you lose your Caribbean Naval Bases, all of your oil, and the time and troops to gain La Libertad back), the best option is to go for population reforms around the elections of 1938. When Colombia turns Fascist, it takes the name Nueva Gran Colombia, referring to the historical Gran Colombia times when present-day Venezuela and Ecuador (and Panama) were part of the country. In case you choose to go for a Communist Colombia, the name changes to Colombian Socialist Republic.

Note that although the United States is guaranteeing your neighboring countries (and yourself), they only take action when a European power invades Latin America, allowing you to expand freely in most of the Americas (the British, Dutch and French colonies are not guaranteed) without them intervening.

Political Advisors can be used to turn your country Fascist or Communist and to boost your industry there are various options. You may want your military command to focus on land battles first with naval battles and airforce for later, depending on the direction you take.

Resources

Colombia starts rich in oil in La Libertad state, but lacks any of the other resources, so you need your 15 convoys and most of your Civilian factories for Trade. Ecuador has 2 , Peru 18 and 2 Tungsten, and Venezuela is extremely oil-rich with 184 . The Guyanas host vast resources of Aluminum; 112 in British Guyana, 12 in Suriname and 104 in French Guiana. Farther south, 玻利维亚 is rich in (102) and has 2 Steel and 智利 hosts 24 . Chromium can be acquired in Central America, between Panama and Mexico, but especially Cuba (160). Brazil is generally poor in resources, but dominates the South American Rubber market with 30.

Warfare

Logical focuses for war are your weak southern neighbors; especially one mainland state Ecuador(South Colombia) and Peru. Venezuela is the next target later on, as they are simply East Colombia and must be reincorporated. Another set of possible targets that have little unlocked slots but major aluminum resources are the Guyanas, from west to east colonies of 联合王国 (British Guyana), 荷兰 (Suriname) and 法国 (French Guiana). While they are fighting with the Axis in Europe and Africa, their colonies are sparsely occupied by minor troops and can be easily taken with Naval Invasions, just as Jamaica, Trinidad and Belize (British Mexico). Your northwestern neighbor Panama is split into two parts with the US occupied but very important Panama Canal in between, a good strategy for the longer term. Because of this barrier, you need Naval Invasions for the northern part of Panama. There are only three US divisions stationed at the crucial Panama Canal, but they are extremely strong in Attack (Soft and Hard) and Defense and trying to conquer the Canal brings you into war with the far superior United States. To get to conquer the Panama Canal you also need a lot of naval and air superiority.

Because of the terrain (mountainous) and weather (jungle, hot, storm), the attrition is very high and armor (tanks) is not very effective. Better to focus on a lot of Infantry, armed with Artillery, to succeed in the Andes and surrounding jungles. Air superiority is not a major problem; your neighbours have small Airforces. After you turned Fascist (or Communist), the access for your Navy through the Panama Canal is blocked, but you can build a Naval Base at the Pacific coast in Cundinamarca (or western La Libertad) to maintain access to both sea regions.

For the longer term strategy when you want to expand into the Caribbean, up to the southern US, Brazil, Chile or northern Central America, and need longer range Air superiority, you may want to research Carriers as the Carrier Version Fighter plane is already researched at game start. Or alternatively research paratroopers and/or marines for invading the Caribbean islands and/or Central America easier. Note that to gain Victory Points in Brazil, you need to cross the enormous Amazon rainforest with high attrition and many rivers, so you might want to have established multiple fronts in the south (Bolivia, Argentina) and north (Guyanas) as well as carriers for air superiority before you start that major task.

Achievements

My Ships Don't Lie Form Gran Colombia and have 10 Carriers and 10 Battleships.

国家

 

主要国家	法国 美利坚合众国 联合王国 德意志国 意大利 日本 苏维埃联盟

次要国家	加拿大自治领 澳大利亚 新西兰 南非 英属印度 捷克斯洛伐克 匈牙利王国 罗马尼亚王国 南斯拉夫 中华民国 中共 满洲国 桂系 滇系 晋系 西北三马 新疆 墨西哥 荷兰 西班牙 葡萄牙 保加利亚 希腊王国 土耳其 立陶宛 拉脱维亚 爱沙尼亚 波兰

其它国家	西班牙国 西班牙共和国 埃塞俄比亚

欧洲	阿尔巴尼亚 奥地利 比利时 保加利亚 捷克斯洛伐克 丹麦 爱沙尼亚 芬兰 法国 德意志国 希腊王国 匈牙利王国 爱尔兰 意大利 拉脱维亚 立陶宛 卢森堡 荷兰 挪威 波兰 葡萄牙 西班牙 罗马尼亚王国 斯洛伐克 苏维埃联盟 瑞典 瑞士 土耳其 联合王国 南斯拉夫

北美	加拿大自治领 哥斯达黎加 古巴 多米尼加共和国 萨尔瓦多 危地马拉 海地 洪都拉斯 墨西哥 尼加拉瓜 巴拿马 美利坚合众国

南美	阿根廷 玻利维亚 巴西 智利 哥伦比亚 厄瓜多尔 巴拉圭 秘鲁 乌拉圭 委内瑞拉

亚洲	阿富汗 不丹 英属马来亚 英属印度 中华民国 中共 桂系 伊朗 伊拉克 日本 满洲国 蒙古国 蒙古 尼泊尔 阿曼 菲律宾 沙特阿拉伯 晋系 暹罗 新疆 唐努图瓦 西藏 西北三马 也门 滇系

非洲	埃塞俄比亚 利比里亚 南非

大洋洲

澳大利亚 新西兰