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| {{version|1.9}} | | {{version|1.9}} |
| {{country | | {{country |
| |Capital = Punakha | | |Capital = 普那卡 |
| |Government = Authoritarian Regime | | |Government = 威权政体,专制 |
| |Faction = Neutral | | |Faction = 中立 |
| }} | | }} |
| Bhutan is a sovereign state in South Asia. A landlocked country in the Eastern Himalayas, Bhutan borders the {{flag|British Raj}} to the south, and {{flag|Tibet}} to the north. To the west, it is separated from {{flag|Nepal}} by the Indian state of West Bengal.
| | '''{{flag| 不丹}} (Bhutan)''',是南亚的一个主权国家,它是喜马拉雅东南部的一个内陆国家,其南部与 {{flag| 英属印度}} 接壤,北部与 {{flag| 西藏}} 接壤。在西部,它与 {{flag|尼泊尔}}之间的是 {{flag|英属印度}}的西孟加拉邦(West Bengal )。 |
| ==Historical Background==
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| During the 1870s, power struggles between the rival valleys of Paro and Tongsa led to civil war in Bhutan, eventually leading to the ascendancy of Ugyen Wangchuck, the "Ponlop" (governor) of Tongsa. From his power base in central Bhutan, Ugyen Wangchuck defeated his political enemies and united the country following several civil wars and rebellions during 1882–85.
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| In 1907, an epochal year for the country, Ugyen Wangchuck was unanimously chosen as the hereditary king of the country by an assembly of leading Buddhist monks, government officials, and heads of important families. The British government promptly recognized the new monarchy, and in 1910, Bhutan signed the Treaty of Punakha, a subsidiary alliance which gave the British control of Bhutan's foreign affairs and meant that Bhutan was treated as an Indian princely state. This had little real effect, given Bhutan's historical reticence, and also did not appear to affect Bhutan's traditional relations with Tibet. After the new Union of India gained independence from the United Kingdom on 15 August 1947, Bhutan became one of the first countries to recognize India's independence. On 8 August 1949, a treaty similar to that of 1910, in which Britain had gained power over Bhutan's foreign relations, was signed with the newly independent India.
| | ==历史背景== |
| | 在19世纪70年代,相互竞争的帕罗和通萨山谷之间的权力斗争导致了不丹的内战,最终导致了通萨的“蓬洛普”(总督)乌金·旺楚克(Ugyen Wangchuck )崛起。乌金·旺楚克(Ugyen Wangchuck)在不丹中部的权力中心打败了他的政治敌人,并且平定了在1882–1885年间发生了几次内战和叛乱,团结了该国。 |
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| ==National Focus== | | 1907年,对于该国来说是划时代的一年,乌金·旺楚克(Ugyen Wangchuck)被主要的佛教僧侣,政府官员和重要家族之首一致选举为该国的世袭国王。英国政府迅速承认了新的君主制。1910年,不丹签署了普那卡条约,该条约使英国拥有对不丹外交事务的控制权,这意味着不丹被视为印度的王邦国家。考虑到不丹的历史影响,这几乎没有什么实际效果,而且似乎也没有影响不丹与西藏的传统关系。新的印度联盟于1947年8月15日从英国获得独立后,不丹成为最早承认印度独立的国家之一。1949年8月8日,与新独立的印度签署了一项类似于1910年的条约。 |
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| | == 国策树== |
| [[File:NF tree Generic.jpg|thumbnail|600px|Generic national focus tree.]] | | [[File:NF tree Generic.jpg|thumbnail|600px|Generic national focus tree.]] |
| {{main|Generic national focus tree}} | | {{main| 通用国策树}} |
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| {{flag|Bhutan}}, lacking a unique national focus tree, uses the generic national focus tree instead. | | {{flag| 不丹}} 没有独特的国策树,而是使用通用国策树。 |
| {{#lst:Generic national focus tree|branches desc}} | | {{#lst:Generic national focus tree|branches desc}} |
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2020年10月3日 (六) 12:49的版本